PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA DALAM TINDAKAN MEDIS: STUDI KRITIS TERHADAP PASAL-PASAL KRUSIAL DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG KESEHATAN

Authors

  • Emirza Nur Wicaksono Universitas Terbuka

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58878/sutasoma.v4i1.410

Keywords:

pertanggungjawaban pidana, tindakan medis, UU Kesehatan 2023, standar profesi, kriminalisasi tenaga medis, kepastian hukum

Abstract

This study analyzes the construction of criminal liability in medical actions under Law No. 17 of 2023 and assesses its implications for legal certainty, professional protection, and the doctor–patient relationship. Using a normative legal research method with doctrinal and conceptual approaches, the study finds that several provisions in the law particularly those related to professional standards, patient safety, medical records, informed consent, and criminal sanctions are ambiguous and potentially give rise to disproportionate criminalization. The lack of clarity regarding the threshold of negligence, the absence of an integrated professional assessment mechanism, and insufficient harmonization between health-criminal norms and the general criminal law framework create legal uncertainty for medical professionals. The legal enforcement implications of these conditions include the rise of defensive medicine, a shift in the doctor–patient relationship toward a more legalistic orientation, and the potential decline in the quality of healthcare services. The study recommends the development of more detailed implementing regulations, the harmonization of criminal norms, and the strengthening of the role of professional organizations in evidentiary processes to ensure proportional legal protection and a more equitable health system.

References

Dirgantara, B., & Sudarto. (2025). Analisis pertanggungjawaban pidana dan faktor penentu dalam kasus malpraktik medis. FOCUS, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.37010/fcs.v6i2.2060

Fauziah, Y. A., Alhadad, H., & Susanti, D. A. (2025). Dental malpractice and criminal liability: A review of Law No. 17 of 2023 on Health. Jurnal Hukum dan Etika Kesehatan, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.30649/jhek.v5i1.230

Indriasari, N., Sutarno, & Pramono, B. (2023). Analisis hukum pertanggungjawaban malpraktik medis pada dokter spesialis. Jurnal Kertha Semaya, 11(12), 2774–2799. https://doi.org/10.24843/KS.2023.v11.i12.p02

Manse, Y. R., Siregar, R. A., & Panggabean, M. L. (2025). Pertanggungjawaban pidana tenaga medis dalam malpraktik. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, Humaniora dan Politik, 5(5), 4682–4688. https://doi.org/10.38035/jihhp.v5i5.5771

Nasution, N. F. R., & Rohman, M. M. (2024). Pertanggungjawaban pidana dokter dalam melakukan tindakan malpraktik di Indonesia. JARIMAH: Islamic Criminal Law Journal, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.15408/jicl.v1i1.31222

Pabidang, S., Prasetyo, T., Jaeni, A., & Purnomo, B. (2024). Tanggungjawab pidana tenaga medis atau tenaga kesehatan menurut Pasal 440 Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Jurnal Cahaya Mandalika, 3(1), 757–763. https://doi.org/10.36312/jcm.v3i1.3686

Prayuti, Y., Kusumah, Y., & Abidin, Z. (2025). Perlindungan hukum bagi tenaga medis dan tenaga kesehatan dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Legal Standing: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.24269/ls.v9i2.11760

Shakhilla, D., Arimbi, D., & Andayani, L. (2025). Tinjauan yuridis penegakan hukum terhadap profesi dokter yang melakukan malpraktik kepada pasien berdasarkan Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Rechtswetenschap: Jurnal Mahasiswa Hukum, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.36859/rechtswetenschap.v2i2.4159

Sidi, R. (2024). Legal responsibility for medical risks and medical negligence in the view of health law. Journal of General Education Science, 2(1), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.62966/joges.vi.512

Subarsyah, T. (2022). Menyoal pertanggungjawaban hukum pidana terhadap tindakan malpraktik kedokteran di tengah pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia. Mimbar Hukum, 34(1), 32–57. https://doi.org/10.22146/mh.v34i1.2257

Syamsul, A., & Aida, Z. (2023). Pertanggungjawaban hukum oleh rumah sakit atas kelalaian yang dilakukan oleh tenaga medis. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Konseling (JPDK), 5(2), 4143–4153. https://doi.org/10.31004/jpdk.v5i2.13964

Syarifudin, S. (2025). Problematika pembuktian dalam tindak pidana malpraktik dokter ditinjau dari Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Justitia et Pax, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.24002/jep.v40i2.8262

Tanoto, F. (2024). Dental malpractice and criminal liability: A review of Law No. 17 of 2023 on health: Malpraktik kedokteran gigi dan pertanggungjawaban pidana: Tinjauan UU No. 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan. Jurnal Hukum dan Etika Kesehatan, 5(1), 64–75. https://doi.org/10.30649/jhek.v5i1.230

Tribunnews. (2025). Sosok dr Ratna Setia Asih, kronologi kasus dan kisah pilu jeritan terakhir Aldo di ruang PICU. Tribunnews. https://bangka.tribunnews.com/lokal/1669884/sosok-dr-ratna-setia-asih-kronologi-kasus-dan-kisah-pilu-jeritan-terakhir-aldo-di-ruang-picu?page=all

Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan.

Wardana, F. O. (2022). Pertanggungjawaban medis atas korban tindak pidana malpraktik kedokteran. Indonesian State Law Review, 5(1), 29–40. https://doi.org/10.15294/islrev.v5i1.23127

Yudyaningarum, C. P. (2022). Pertanggung jawaban pidana pelaku malpraktik medis. ACADEMOS: Jurnal Hukum & Tatanan Sosial, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.30651/aca.v1i2.14229

Downloads

Published

2025-12-30

How to Cite

Wicaksono, E. N. (2025). PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PIDANA DALAM TINDAKAN MEDIS: STUDI KRITIS TERHADAP PASAL-PASAL KRUSIAL DALAM UNDANG-UNDANG NOMOR 17 TAHUN 2023 TENTANG KESEHATAN. Jurnal Sutasoma, 4(1), 26–36. https://doi.org/10.58878/sutasoma.v4i1.410

Issue

Vol. 4 No. 1 (2025): Desember 2025

Section

Hukum

License

Copyright (c) 2025 Emirza Nur Wicaksono

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Authors who publish their manuscripts in Jurnal Sutasoma agree to the following terms:

1. Copyright Ownership Authors retain the copyright to their work. Authors grant Jurnal Sutasoma the right of first publication for the work.

2. Publication License All articles published in Jurnal Sutasoma are licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA).

This license permits anyone to:

  • Share: Copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format.

  • Adapt: Remix, transform, and build upon the material.

Under the following terms and conditions:

  • Attribution (BY): You must give appropriate credit (citing the author and journal), provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made.

  • NonCommercial (NC): You may not use the material for commercial purposes. Written permission from the author is required for any commercial use.

  • ShareAlike (SA): If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original.

3. Author's Warranties By submitting a manuscript, the author warrants that:

  • The manuscript is their original work and does not infringe upon any third-party copyrights.

  • The manuscript has not been published previously and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere.

  • The author has obtained the necessary permissions to reproduce any copyrighted material from other sources (if applicable).