Transformasi Human Capital dan Dynamic Marketing Capability dalam Mendorong Kinerja Pemasaran UMKM

Authors

  • Muhammad Tahajjudi Ghifary Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
  • Dyajeng Puteri Woro Subagio Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
  • Gandi Aswaja Yogatama Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
  • Prasetyo Alif Soeprawiro Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur
  • Ardyan Wicaksana Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Jawa Timur

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58878/sutasoma.v4i2.461

Keywords:

Human capital, Dynamic Marketing Capability, Kinerja Pemasaran, UMKM, Era Digital

Abstract

Increasingly dynamic business competition demands that Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) be able to adapt to market changes and digital technology developments. One important factor determining MSME success is the quality of human resources and the company's ability to implement adaptive marketing strategies. This study aims to analyze the effect of human capital on marketing performance through dynamic marketing capability in MSMEs in East Java. The study employed a quantitative approach using a survey method involving 180 MSME owners who are directly engaged in marketing activities and business decision-making. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling–Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The results indicate that human capital has a positive and significant effect on dynamic marketing capability. Furthermore, dynamic marketing capability was also proven to enhance MSME marketing performance, both in terms of sales growth, market expansion, and customer retention. The findings of this study suggest that developing human resource competencies and adaptive marketing capabilities are key factors in improving the competitiveness of MSMEs in the digital era.

References

Abdullah, I. H. T., Mat Zin, S., Che Mat, R., & Wan Alias, W. N. I. (2022). Role of health and safety management practices in safety performance of Malaysian Bumiputera SMEs. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v12-i1/11744

Apasrawirote, D., Yawised, K., & Muneesawang, P. (2022). Digital Marketing Capability: The mystery of Business Capabilities. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 40(4), 477–496. https://doi.org/10.1108/mip-11-2021-0399

Arif, N. F., Wahyuningsih, T., Arifin, A. H., & Tasrim. (2025). The Mediating Role of Market Orientation in the Relationship Between Marketing Capability and Social Capital on Innovation Performance. ASEAN Marketing Journal, 17(1), 69–87.

Barney, J. B. (1991). Firm resources and sustained competitive advantage. Journal of Management, 17(1), 99–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700108

Becker, G. S. (1993). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education (3rd ed.). University of Chicago Press. https://doi.org/10.7208/chicago/9780226041223.001.0001

Bontis, N. (1998). Intellectual Capital: An Exploratory Study that Develops Measures and Models. Management Decision, 36(2), 63–76.

Bruni, D. S., & Verona, G. (2009). Dynamic marketing capabilities in science-based firms: An exploratory investigation of the pharmaceutical industry. British Journal of Management, 20(S1), S101–S117. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00615.x

Calub, F. D. (2026). Resource and human capital synergies as determinants of MSME growth: Evidence from Bislig City, Philippines. International Review of Management and Marketing, 16(2), 435–444. https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.22375

Crook, T. R., Todd, S. Y., Combs, J. G., Woehr, D. J., & Ketchen, D. J. (2011). Does Human Capital Matter? A Meta-Analysis of the Relationship Between Human Capital and Firm Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 443–456.

Day, G. S. (1994). The capabilities of market-driven organizations. Journal of Marketing, 58(4), 37–52. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299405800404

Eisenhardt, K. M., & Martin, J. A. (2000). Dynamic capabilities: What are they? Strategic Management Journal, 21(10–11), 1105–1121. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-0266(200010/11)21:10/11<1105::AID-SMJ133>3.0.CO;2-E

Erhan, T. P., van Doorn, S., Japutra, A., & Ekaputra, I. A. (2024). The impact of dynamic marketing capabilities (DMCs) and strategic information management (SIM) on international start-up success: A meta narrative analysis. Heliyon. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39543

Fikriah, N. L., Ningtyas, M. N., & Maksum, I. (2024). Direct and Indirect Effect of Marketing Capabilities on the Performance of MSMEs. Jurnal Ekonomi, 29(2), 363–382. https://doi.org/10.24912/je.v29i2.2336

Grant, R. M. (1996). Toward a Knowledge-Based Theory of the Firm. Strategic Management Journal, 17(S2), 109–122.

Hair, J. F., Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2022). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Sage Publications.

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2–24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Hitt, M. A., Ireland, R. D., & Hoskisson, R. E. (2017). Strategic Management: Competitiveness and Globalization. Boston: Cengage Learning.

Homburg, C., & Wielgos, D. M. (2022). The value relevance of digital marketing capabilities to firm performance. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 50, 666–688. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-021-00798-4

Huselid, M. A. (1995). The Impact of Human Resource Management Practices on Turnover, Productivity, and Corporate Financial Performance. Academy of Management Journal, 38(3), 635–672.

IMF. (2024). IMF Country Report: Indonesia. International Monetary Fund.

Joensuu-Salo, S., Viljamaa, A., & Kangas, E. (2023). Marketing first? The role of marketing capability in SME growth. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 25(2), 185–202. https://doi.org/10.1108/JRME-05-2021-0070

Katsikeas, C. S., Morgan, N. A., Leonidou, L. C., & Hult, G. T. M. (2016). Assessing performance outcomes in marketing. Journal of Marketing, 80(2), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.15.0287

Kemenkop UKM. (2024). Data UMKM Indonesia. Kementerian Koperasi dan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Republik Indonesia.

Kementerian Koordinator Bidang Perekonomian RI. (2025). Pemerintah Dorong UMKM Naik Kelas, Tingkatkan Kontribusi terhadap Ekspor Indonesia. https://ekon.go.id

Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM Republik Indonesia. (2023). Laporan kinerja UMKM tahun 2022: Kontribusi dan perkembangan. Kementerian Koperasi dan UKM.

Kholid Murtadlo. (2021). Peran Human Capital, Structural Capital, Relational Capital dan Digital Marketing terhadap Kinerja UMKM. Sketsa Bisnis, 8(1), 47–62.

Kusyana, D. N. B., Giantari, I. G. A. K., Sukaatmadja, I. P. G., & Ekawati, N. W. (2025). Dynamic marketing capability as mediator between resources and SMEs performance. Edelweiss Applied Science and Technology, 9(1), 1182–1196. https://doi.org/10.55214/25768484.v9i1.4372

Leni Gustina, Ullya Rahmi Aswin, & Fitrah Sari. (2026). Human Capital Quality and Marketing Performance: A Strategic Management Perspective. Jurnal Informatika Ekonomi Bisnis, 8(1), 7–12.

López-Cabrales, Á., Pérez-Luño, A., & Valle-Cabrera, R. (2009). Knowledge as a Mediator Between HRM Practices and Innovative Activity. Human Resource Management, 48(4), 485–503.

Moehadi, Hartiningsih Astuti, M. Farid Fadilah, & Izza Ahmad Utomo. (2025). Kolaborasi Bisnis, Human Capital dan Digital Marketing terhadap Pertumbuhan Usaha Mikro Kecil. DIMENSI, 14(1), 213–237.

Morgan, N. A., Vorhies, D. W., & Mason, C. H. (2009). Market orientation, marketing capabilities, and firm performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30(8), 909–920. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.764

Mustafa, D. I., Alzebdieh, R. M., Abdullatif, M., & Al Majali, S. A. (2024). Intellectual Capital and Firm Performance of Jordanian Financial Institutions. Banks and Bank Systems, 19(3), 24–38.

Nguyen, T. T. H., Nguyen, T. D., & Nguyen, L. T. (2023). Human capital, dynamic capabilities, and marketing performance of SMEs: Evidence from emerging economies. Journal of Small Business Management, 61(3), 1102–1128. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1980568

Noviaristanti, S. (2021). A systematic literature review on dynamic capabilities in marketing. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics.

Oduro, S., & Mensah-Williams, E. (2023). Marketing capabilities and competitive performance in the SMEs context: A bi-theoretical perspective. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 33(2), 17–35. https://doi.org/10.53703/001c.77458

Polas, M. R. H., et al. (2023). Knowledge management practices and MSME performance: The mediating role of digital capability. Journal of Innovation & Knowledge.

Prabowo, H., Kurniawan, R., & Santoso, A. (2025). Modal manusia dan kapabilitas pemasaran dinamis: Studi pada UMKM Indonesia. Jurnal Manajemen dan Kewirausahaan, 27(1), 45–62. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.27.1.45-62

Prabowo, T. S., et al. (2025). Human Capital, Dynamic Marketing Capability, and Competitive Advantage of MSMEs. International Journal of Business and Management.

Prabowo, T. S., Haryanto, B., Wahyudi, L., & Setiawan, A. I. (2025). Human capital, dynamic marketing capability, and competitive advantage of MSMEs. International Journal of Business and Management.

Prabowo, W. A. S., Denata, D. L., & Sulati. (2025). Pengaruh Market Orientation dan Human Capital terhadap Competitive Advantage dengan Dimediasi Dynamic Marketing Capability. Jurnal Bisnis Mahasiswa, 5(2), 1073–1092.

Prasetio, A. P., Farliana, N., & Said, A. (2023). Strategic human resource management in the digital economy era: An empirical study of challenges and opportunities among MSMEs and startups in Indonesia. Cogent Business & Management, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2025.2528436

Rahayu, R., & Day, J. (2015). Determinant factors of e-commerce adoption by SMEs in developing country: Evidence from Indonesia. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 195, 142–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.06.423

Rahman, S. A., Taghizadeh, S. K., Khan, G. M., & Radomska, M. (2024). Intellectual capital and competitiveness improvement among micro-small-medium enterprises: A resource orchestration view. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 31(5), 829–851. https://doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-08-2023-0387

Riadi, et al. (2023). Knowledge Management, Digital Capability and Digital Innovation in MSMEs. Journal of Innovation and Knowledge.

Ringle, C. M., Wende, S., & Becker, J. M. (2024). SmartPLS 4. SmartPLS GmbH. https://www.smartpls.com

Sarstedt, M., & Moisescu, O. I. (2024). Quantifying uncertainty in PLS-SEM-based mediation analyses. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 12, 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-023-00231-9

Shafiee, M. M., Warkentin, M., & Motamed, S. (2024). Do human capital and relational capital influence knowledge-intensive firm competitiveness? The roles of export orientation and marketing knowledge capability. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(1), 138–160. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-11-2022-0921

Stefia, C. M., Haryanto, B., Wahyudi, L., & Setiawan, A. I. (2024). The impact of dynamic marketing capabilities (DMCs) and strategic information management (SIM) on international start-up success: A meta narrative analysis. Heliyon, 10(23), e40541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e40541

Subhaktiyasa, P. G. (2024). PLS-SEM for multivariate analysis: A practical guide to educational research using SmartPLS. EduLine: Journal of Education and Learning Innovation, 4(3), 353–365. https://doi.org/10.35877/454RI.EDULINE2861

Juliantara, I. (2023). Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Implementasi Aplikasi e-Surat pada Organisasi Perangkat Daerah di Kabupaten Tabanan (Doctoral dissertation, Universitas Pendidikan Ganesha).

Subramaniam, M., & Youndt, M. A. (2005). The Influence of Intellectual Capital on the Types of Innovative Capabilities. Academy of Management Journal, 48(3), 450–463.

Sugiyanto, E. K., & Marka, M. M. (2020). Modal Sosial dan Human Capital sebagai Alat untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pemasaran. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Bisnis, 36–47.

Teece, D. J., Pisano, G., & Shuen, A. (1997). Dynamic capabilities and strategic management. Strategic Management Journal, 18(7), 509–533. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.4250180710

Vorhies, D. W., & Morgan, N. A. (2005). Benchmarking Marketing Capabilities for Sustainable Competitive Advantage. Journal of Marketing, 69(1), 80–94.

Vorhies, D. W., & Morgan, N. A. (2005). Benchmarking marketing capabilities for sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Marketing, 69(1), 80–94. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.69.1.80.55505

Wang, C. L., & Ahmed, P. K. (2007). Dynamic capabilities: A review and research agenda. International Journal of Management Reviews, 9(1), 31–51. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2007.00201.x

Wirtz, J., Kunz, W. H., & Hartley, N. (2023). Digital business models, consumer data, and sustainable competitive advantage. Journal of Service Management, 34(2), 262–279. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-09-2021-0368

Wright, P. M., McMahan, G. C., & McWilliams, A. (1994). Human resources and sustained competitive advantage: A resource-based perspective. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 5(2), 301–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585199400000020

Wu, C.-W., Botella-Carrubi, D., & Blanco-Gonzalez-Tejero, C. (2024). The empirical study of digital marketing strategy and performance in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 200, 123142. https://do

Yesi Mutia Basri, Hariadi Yasni, Al-Azhar, Rheny Afriana Hanif, & Rezi Abdurrahman. (2021). Human Capital, Social Capital, and Innovation Capability in Performance of Village-Owned Enterprises. Jurnal ASET (Akuntansi Riset), 13(2), 314–330.

Zainol, N. R., Al Mamun, A., Ahmad, G. B., & Simpong, D. B. (2023). Human capital and performance of informal microenterprises: Mediating role of marketing capability. Sustainability, 15(5), 4289. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15054289

Zimmermann, A., Raisch, S., & Birkinshaw, J. (2015). How is ambidexterity initiated? The emergent charter definition process. Organization Science, 26(4), 1119–11

Downloads

Published

2026-06-29

How to Cite

Ghifary, M. T., Dyajeng Puteri Woro Subagio, Gandi Aswaja Yogatama, Prasetyo Alif Soeprawiro, & Ardyan Wicaksana. (2026). Transformasi Human Capital dan Dynamic Marketing Capability dalam Mendorong Kinerja Pemasaran UMKM. Jurnal Sutasoma, 4(2), 10–22. https://doi.org/10.58878/sutasoma.v4i2.461

Issue

Section

Kewirausahaan

Similar Articles

1 2 3 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.